List of figures
List of tables
List of abbreviations
Summary
Zusammenfassung
1. Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Objectives of the study
2. Analysing legal feasibility of implementing Article 8 in EPR
2.1 Objective
2.2 Method and procedure
2.3 Analysis and findings
2.3.1 The concept of EPR
2.3.1.1 Introduction
2.3.1.2 Relationship of EPR to the polluter-pays principle
2.3.1.3 EPR in the SUPD – single-use plastics and fishing gear
2.3.1.4 Comparison with EPR in other EU legislation
2.3.1.5 Comparison with Producer Responsibility (PR) in other EU legislation
2.3.1.6 Overview on (E)PR in EU legislation
2.3.2 Conformity of EPR-provisions in the SUPD with EU Law
2.3.2.1 Subsidiarity Principle (Art. 5 para. 3 TEU)
2.3.2.2 Principle of Proportionality (Art. 5 para. 4 TEU)
2.3.2.3 Conformity with Fundamental Rights
2.3.2.4 Other requirements
2.3.3 Considerations on fishing gear
2.3.3.1 Can the retrieval of ALDFG be integrated?
2.3.3.2 Clean-up costs
2.3.3.3 Producers outside the EU
2.3.4 Conformity with International Law
2.3.4.1 Introduction
2.3.4.2 Conformity with the law of the World Trade Organisation
3. Analysing potential measures under EPR for different single-use plastic products and fishing gear containing plastic
3.1 Objective
3.2 Method and procedure
3.3 Analysis and findings
3.3.1 Single-use plastic products
3.3.1.1 Waste collection: Potential EPR measures and cost consideration across Annex E single-use plastic products
3.3.1.2 Waste transport: Potential EPR measures and cost consideration across Annex E single-use plastic products
3.3.1.3 Waste treatment: Potential EPR measures and cost consideration across Annex E single-use plastic products
3.3.1.4 Clean-ups: Potential EPR measures and cost consideration across Annex E single-use plastic products
3.3.1.5 Awareness raising: Potential EPR measures and cost consideration across Annex E single-use plastic products
3.3.2 Fishing gear
3.3.2.3 Waste collection: Potential EPR measures and cost consideration
3.3.2.2 Waste transport: Potential EPR measures and cost consideration
3.3.2.3 Waste treatment: Potential EPR measures and cost consideration
3.3.2.4 Clean-ups: Potential EPR measures and cost consideration
4. Suggesting mechanisms to implement EPR for Single-use Products and Fishing Gear
4.1 Fund to foster re-usable products and waste prevention
4.1.1 General idea and scope
4.1.2 Interaction with existing German packaging waste EPR scheme
4.1.3 What kind of institution to task with collecting contributions to and administering the fund?
4.1.4 Addressing issues of free-riding
4.1.5 How to calculate the financial contributions of responsible producers?
4.1.6 Which principles to use to allocate financial means from the fund to states, regions and municipalities?
4.2 Insurance fund for fishing gear
4.2.1 Background
4.2.2 General idea for an Insurance Fund for Fishing Gear
4.2.3 Measures to be funded by an insurance fund for fishing gear
4.2.4 Methods for calculating insurance fees
4.2.5 Existing examples of ALDFG retrieval during routine fishing operations
4.2.6 Institutional set-up
4.2.7 Remaining issues
5. Conclusion and recommendations
5.1 Single-use plastic products
5.2 Fishing gear
6. List of references
Appendix - SUP product-specific and fishing gear-specific factsheets for EPR measures
A.1 Factsheet: Wet wipes
A.2 Fact sheet: Lightweight plastic carrier bags
A.3 Fact sheet: Tobacco products