1 INTRODUCTION
2 APPROACH
2.1 Stakeholder consultation
2.1.1 First SHEBA Stakeholder meeting in Hamburg
2.1.2 Second SHEBA Stakeholder meeting in Tallinn
2.1.3 Web-survey for assessment of policy options
2.2 Identifying and selection of policy options
2.3 Developing a multi-dimensional assessment framework
2.4 Excursus: Methodology for health impacts assessment and valuation
2.5 Excursus: Methodology for estimation of effects of acidification and eutrophication on ecosystems
3 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL POLICY OPTIONS
3.1 Stakeholder consultation via web-survey
3.2 Summarized assessment results per option
3.2.1 Policy option #1 Sea grass protection: Restrictions on number of boats mooring in certain areas and better enforcement
3.2.2 Policy option #2 Speed regulation: Zoning and maximal speed (Baltic-wide)
3.2.3 Policy option #3 Excluding the noisiest ships / limits on average noise level
3.2.4 Policy option #4 Promoting biocide-free anti-fouling paint and alternatives
3.2.5 Policy option #5 Reduced limits for biocidal release rate for anti-fouling paints
3.2.6 Policy option #6 Guidance on integration of antifouling paints in river basin management plans (RBMPs) and national marine strategies
3.2.7 Policy option #7 Stricter regulation on scrubber water
3.2.8 Policy option #8 Promoting optimized fossil fuel driven engine and ship design, e.g. stricter energy efficiency standard (EEDI)
3.2.9 Policy option #9 Promoting use of low emission fossil fuels, e.g. LNG
3.2.10 Policy option #10 Promoting use of renewable fuels and energy sources, e.g. biofuels, wind
3.2.11 Policy option #11 Limits on methane slip from LNG engines (due to incomplete combustion)
3.2.12 Policy option #12 Promoting use of electric power for running the engine (battery–driven)
3.2.13 Policy option #13 Promoting shore power in ports
3.2.14 Policy option #14 Green port fees linked to ship emissions/pollutants
3.2.15 Policy option #15 Introduction of national fairway dues (charges) which are linked to ship emissions/pollutants
3.2.16 Policy option #16 Initiatives to simplify procedures in ports, e.g. use of communication tools to adjust speed to arrive in ports
3.2.17 Policy option #17 Promote vessel scrapping to reduce environmental impacts of fleets
3.2.18 Policy option #18 Establish PM (including black carbon) emission standards for ships
3.2.19 Policy option #19 Implementation of a CO2-tax for shipping
3.2.20 Policy option #20 Establishing of an emission trading scheme for greenhouse gases from shipping
3.3 Summary and ranking of options
4 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
5 LITERATURE
6 PART II: IN-DEPTH ASSESSMENT OF POLICY OPTIONS
6.1 Template for options' assessment
6.2 In-depth assessment results for the different policy options
6.2.1 #1 Sea grass protection: Restrictions on number of boats mooring in certain areas and better enforcement
6.2.2 #2 Speed regulation: Zoning and maximal speed (Baltic-wide)
6.2.3 #3 Excluding the noisiest ships / limits on average noise level
6.2.4 #4 Promoting biocide-free anti-fouling paint and alternatives (research funding, financial support for pilots)
6.2.5 #5 Reduced limits for biocidal release rate for anti-fouling paints
6.2.6 #6 Guidance on integration of antifouling paints in river basin management plans (RBMPs) and national marine strategies
6.2.7 #7 Stricter regulation on scrubber water
6.2.8 #8 Promoting optimized fossil fuel driven engine and ship design, e.g. stricter energy efficiency standard (EEDI)
6.2.9 #9 Promoting use of low emission fossil fuels, e.g. LNG
6.2.10 #10 Promoting use of renewable fuels and energy sources, e.g. biofuels, wind
6.2.11 #11 Limits on methane slip from LNG engines (due to incomplete combustion)
6.2.12 #12 Promoting use of electric power for running the engine (battery –driven)
6.2.13 #13 Promoting shore power in ports
6.2.14 #14 Green port fees linked to ship emissions/pollutants
6.2.15 #15 Introduction of national fairway dues (charges) which are linked to ship emissions/pollutants
6.2.16 #16 Initiatives to simplify procedures in ports, e.g. use of communication tools to adjust speed to arrive in ports
6.2.17 #17 Promote vessel scrapping to reduce environmental impacts of fleets (financial support)
6.2.18 #18 Establish PM (including black carbon) emission standards for ships
6.2.19 #19 Implementation of a CO2-tax for shipping
6.2.20 #20 Establishing of an emission trading scheme for greenhouse gases from shipping