Renewable Space Heating under the Revised Renewable Energy Directive

Deyana Kocher; Lukas Kranzl; Sebastian Forthuber; Mostafa Fallahnejad; Richard Büchele; Andreas Müller; Marcus Hummel; Tobias Fleiter; Tim Mandel; Mahsa Bagheri; Gerda Deac; Christiane Bernath; Jona…; Sibylle Braungardt; Veit Bürger; Jan Viegand; Rikke Naeraa

Renewable Space Heating under the Revised Renewable Energy Directive

ENER/C1/2018-494

Publication: Report
Citation: European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy, Kranzl, L., Fallahnejad, M., Büchele, R. 2022: Renewable space heating under the revised Renewable Energy Directive : ENER/C1/2018-494 : final report, Publications Office. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2833/525486

Space and water heating accounts for almost one third of the European final energy consumption. Thus, the sector needs special attention in the decarbonisation process. This study aims to provide a better information basis for policy design targeting decarbonisation of the space and water heating sector.

This involves collecting data and information on the status-quo of the space and water heating sector in the EU with regard to energy consumption, energy carriers, technologies and the regulatory framework. Furthermore, alternative decarbonisation pathways are modelled to better understand the long-term perspectives and related costs. Finally, recommendations for policy design were developed and discussed with relevant stakeholders from EU and the Member States. The study focuses on heat consumption in buildings and covers space heating and the supply of sanitary hot water.

Contact

Deyana Kocher

Researcher

Language: English
Authorship: Deyana Kocher

Lukas Kranzl, Sebastian Forthuber, Mostafa Fallahnejad, Richard Büchele (TU Wien)

Andreas Müller, Marcus Hummel (e-think)

Tobias Fleiter, Tim Mandel, Mahsa Bagheri, Gerda Deac, Christiane Bernath, Jonas Miosga, Christoph Kiefer, Joshua Fragoso (FRAUNHOFER ISI)

Sibylle Braungardt, Veit Bürger (Öko-Institut e.V.)

Jan Viegand, Rikke Naeraa (VIEGAND MAAGOE)
Published by: Publications Office of the European Union (Publications Office), International
Year: 2021
Dimension: 226 pp.
ISBN: 978-92-76-52341-3
DOI: 10.2833/525486
Table of contents: Click to show full table of contents

1. Executive Summary
2. Introduction
3. Space heating in the EU: Consumption and technologies
3.1. Establish energy consumption for space and water heating for EU
3.1.1. Objective
3.1.2. Methodology: Calculation of heating energy balances
3.1.2.3. Cross-sectoral approaches
3.1.3. Results: Description of heating energy balances
3.1.4. Conclusion and recommendations
3.2. Comparative overview of renewable space and water heating technologies
3.2.1. Objective
3.2.2. Method
3.2.3. Results
3.3. Provide a Description of the heat supply sectors of individual EU Member States
3.3.1. Objective
3.3.2. Structure
4. Decarbonisation Scenarios for Space and Water Heating
4.1. Method, Models and Model interfaces
4.1.1. Model overview and linkage
4.1.2. Indicators and presentation of key results
4.2. Framework conditions
4.2.1. General input data
4.2.2. Demand for electricity, hydrogen and e-fuels
4.2.3. Expansion of the electricity grid
4.2.4. Role of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
4.2.5. Carbon budget for energy supply
4.2.6. Climate and weather data
4.3. Scenario specification
4.3.1. Buildings
4.3.2. District heating
4.3.3. Power sector
4.3.4. Electricity transmission: Cross-border interconnectors
4.3.5. Hydrogen and e-fuels generation
4.4. Scenario results
4.4.1. Comparative scenario overview
4.4.2. Detailed results on the demand side and decentral supply
4.4.3. Detailed results on energy supply
4.4.4. Results on infrastructure
4.5. Conclusions derived from modelling and scenario results
5. Feasibility and Framework Conditions
5.1. Background
5.2. Analysis of barriers
5.2.1. Barriers for RES-H pathways
5.2.2. Conclusions for policy analysis
5.3. Policy approaches for RES-H
5.3.1. Regulatory instruments
5.3.2. Economic instruments
5.3.3. Supporting complementary instruments
5.3.4. Heat planning and citizen involvement
5.4. Development of policy packages
5.4.1. Clustering of countries
5.4.2. Policy packages for country clusters
5.5. Recommendations
6. Bibliography
7. Annex
7.1. Annex A: Structure and allocation of EUROSTAT energy carriers
7.2. Annex B: Modelling framework and assumptions
7.2.1. Modelling the building sector: Invert/EE-Lab and Invert/Opt
7.3. Hotmaps district heating expansion model
7.3.1. Modelling the electricity sector and grid infrastructure for electricity, gas and H2: Enertile
7.3.2. Data exchange between models
7.3.3. Indicators and which models contribute to their calculation
7.4. Annex C: Scenario assumptions
7.4.1. Scenario settings for individual heating and hot water systems
7.4.2. Scenario settings for energy supply
7.4.3. Assumptions for infrastructures
7.5. Annex D: Additional scenario results
7.6. Annex E: Additional information on renewable energy communities
7.7. Annex F: Renewable energy communities in the RED II
7.7.1. Background and approach
7.7.2. Literature review
7.7.3. Case studies: Overview of focus countries
7.7.4. Synthesis and policy recommendations
Keywords: Climate

Energy

renewable sources of energy, approximation of legislation, building industry, carbon neutrality, data collection, directive (EU), energy consumption, energy efficiency, energy technology, EU energy policy, EU Member State, heating, renewable energy, water supply

Europe

Further Links

PublicationReportMid-term Evaluation of the Renewable Energy Directive

The Renewable Energy Directive (RED) established a framework for promoting renewable energy development in all sectors, including binding national renewable energy targets and a mandatory target of 10% for all Member States for renewable energy use in transport.... Read more

CE Delft, Ecologic Institute, Ricardo-AEA, REKK, E-Bridge: Mid-term evaluation of the Renewable Energy Directive. A study in the context of the REFIT programme. Delft, CE Delft, April 2015.

ProjectMid-term Evaluation of the Renewable Energy Directive Driven by REFIT

Fotolia © Thomas Berg

The Renewable Energy Directive established a framework for promoting renewable energy development in all sectors, binding national targets and a mandatory target of 10% for all Member States for renewable energy use in transport. By now, the transposition can be... Read more

Mid-term Evaluation of the Renewable Energy Directive Driven by REFIT

Duration: Aug 2014 - Feb 2015
Funding: European Commission, Directorate-General Energy (DG Energy), International

EventDigital EventDistrict Heating in Decarbonising Economies

In the EU and in Denmark, the aim is to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and to use energy more efficiently. District heating and combined heat and power have significant potential with regard to achieving this aim. This webinar presented a number of key topics... Read more

Digital Event:District Heating in Decarbonising Economies

Date: 29 October 2018
Location: online

EventDigital EventMaking the Heating Transition Socially Acceptable

The more stringent climate targets of the state of Berlin require that both the heat supply is converted to renewable energies in the next few years and that the building envelopes are ambitiously renovated to make them more energy efficient. This poses great challenges... Read more

Digital Event:Making the Heating Transition Socially Acceptable

Date: 17 November 2021
Location: online

ProjectLocal and Regional State of Play and Policy Recommendations Concerning Sustainable Heating and Cooling: Focusing on EU Policy Level

|Fotolia @ Stepan

The overall aim of this project is to support the Committee of the Regions (CoR) by outlining the role cities and local and regional authorities (LRAs) can have in the planning, implementation and financing of more efficient district and renewable heating and cooling... Read more

Local and Regional State of Play and Policy Recommendations Concerning Sustainable Heating and Cooling: Focusing on EU Policy Level

Duration: Dec 2015 - Mar 2016
Funding: European Union, Committee of the Regions (CoR), International

PublicationReportLocal and Regional State of Play and Policy Recommendations Concerning Sustainable Heating and Cooling

Lucha, Christine; Andreas Prahl; Bettina Kampman et. al. 2016: Local and Regional State of Play and Policy Recommendations Concerning Sustainable Heating and Cooling: Focusing on EU Level Policy. European Committee of the Regions: Brussels. ... Read more

Lucha, Christine; Andreas Prahl; Bettina Kampman et. al. 2016: Local and Regional State of Play and Policy Recommendations Concerning Sustainable Heating and Cooling: Focusing on EU Level Policy. European Committee of the Regions: Brussels.

Adaptation
Agriculture
Arctic
Biodiversity
Bioeconomy
Cities
Climate
Climate Foreign Policy
Coastal + Marine
Communication
Consumer Policy
Culture + Ecology
Digitalization
EU
Economics
Education
Energy
Environmental Law – Ecologic Legal
Evaluation
Events
Finance
Food
Foreign Policy
Governance
Health
Indicators
Industry
International Development
Land Use
Mobility
Nature-based Solutions and Green Infrastructure
Plastics
Public Diplomacy
Resource Conservation + Circular Economy
Trade
Water