Renewable Space Heating under the Revised Renewable Energy Directive

ENER/C1/2018-494

Publication: Report
Citation: European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy, Kranzl, L., Fallahnejad, M., Büchele, R. 2022: Renewable space heating under the revised Renewable Energy Directive : ENER/C1/2018-494 : final report, Publications Office. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2833/525486

Space and water heating accounts for almost one third of the European final energy consumption. Thus, the sector needs special attention in the decarbonisation process. This study aims to provide a better information basis for policy design targeting decarbonisation of the space and water heating sector.

This involves collecting data and information on the status-quo of the space and water heating sector in the EU with regard to energy consumption, energy carriers, technologies and the regulatory framework. Furthermore, alternative decarbonisation pathways are modelled to better understand the long-term perspectives and related costs. Finally, recommendations for policy design were developed and discussed with relevant stakeholders from EU and the Member States. The study focuses on heat consumption in buildings and covers space heating and the supply of sanitary hot water.

Language: English
Authorship: Deyana Kocher

Lukas Kranzl, Sebastian Forthuber, Mostafa Fallahnejad, Richard Büchele (TU Wien)

Andreas Müller, Marcus Hummel (e-think)

Tobias Fleiter, Tim Mandel, Mahsa Bagheri, Gerda Deac, Christiane Bernath, Jonas Miosga, Christoph Kiefer, Joshua Fragoso (FRAUNHOFER ISI)

Sibylle Braungardt, Veit Bürger (Öko-Institut e.V.)

Jan Viegand, Rikke Naeraa (VIEGAND MAAGOE)
Published by: Publications Office of the European Union (Publications Office), International
Year: 2021
Dimension: 226 pp.
ISBN: 978-92-76-52341-3
DOI: 10.2833/525486
Table of contents: Click to show full table of contents

1. Executive Summary
2. Introduction
3. Space heating in the EU: Consumption and technologies
3.1. Establish energy consumption for space and water heating for EU
3.1.1. Objective
3.1.2. Methodology: Calculation of heating energy balances
3.1.2.3. Cross-sectoral approaches
3.1.3. Results: Description of heating energy balances
3.1.4. Conclusion and recommendations
3.2. Comparative overview of renewable space and water heating technologies
3.2.1. Objective
3.2.2. Method
3.2.3. Results
3.3. Provide a Description of the heat supply sectors of individual EU Member States
3.3.1. Objective
3.3.2. Structure
4. Decarbonisation Scenarios for Space and Water Heating
4.1. Method, Models and Model interfaces
4.1.1. Model overview and linkage
4.1.2. Indicators and presentation of key results
4.2. Framework conditions
4.2.1. General input data
4.2.2. Demand for electricity, hydrogen and e-fuels
4.2.3. Expansion of the electricity grid
4.2.4. Role of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
4.2.5. Carbon budget for energy supply
4.2.6. Climate and weather data
4.3. Scenario specification
4.3.1. Buildings
4.3.2. District heating
4.3.3. Power sector
4.3.4. Electricity transmission: Cross-border interconnectors
4.3.5. Hydrogen and e-fuels generation
4.4. Scenario results
4.4.1. Comparative scenario overview
4.4.2. Detailed results on the demand side and decentral supply
4.4.3. Detailed results on energy supply
4.4.4. Results on infrastructure
4.5. Conclusions derived from modelling and scenario results
5. Feasibility and Framework Conditions
5.1. Background
5.2. Analysis of barriers
5.2.1. Barriers for RES-H pathways
5.2.2. Conclusions for policy analysis
5.3. Policy approaches for RES-H
5.3.1. Regulatory instruments
5.3.2. Economic instruments
5.3.3. Supporting complementary instruments
5.3.4. Heat planning and citizen involvement
5.4. Development of policy packages
5.4.1. Clustering of countries
5.4.2. Policy packages for country clusters
5.5. Recommendations
6. Bibliography
7. Annex
7.1. Annex A: Structure and allocation of EUROSTAT energy carriers
7.2. Annex B: Modelling framework and assumptions
7.2.1. Modelling the building sector: Invert/EE-Lab and Invert/Opt
7.3. Hotmaps district heating expansion model
7.3.1. Modelling the electricity sector and grid infrastructure for electricity, gas and H2: Enertile
7.3.2. Data exchange between models
7.3.3. Indicators and which models contribute to their calculation
7.4. Annex C: Scenario assumptions
7.4.1. Scenario settings for individual heating and hot water systems
7.4.2. Scenario settings for energy supply
7.4.3. Assumptions for infrastructures
7.5. Annex D: Additional scenario results
7.6. Annex E: Additional information on renewable energy communities
7.7. Annex F: Renewable energy communities in the RED II
7.7.1. Background and approach
7.7.2. Literature review
7.7.3. Case studies: Overview of focus countries
7.7.4. Synthesis and policy recommendations
Keywords: Climate

Energy

renewable sources of energy, approximation of legislation, building industry, carbon neutrality, data collection, directive (EU), energy consumption, energy efficiency, energy technology, EU energy policy, EU Member State, heating, renewable energy, water supply

Europe

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