1. Executive Summary
1.1 Global and macro-economic overview of inefficiency
1.2 The main drivers of resource inefficiency
1.3 The key areas to address to achieve absolute decoupling
1.4 Approaches to improving resource efficiency

2. Introduction
2.1 Decoupling
2.2 Resource efficiency
2.3 Document structure

3. Methodology
3.1 Objectives of this study
3.2 Research approaches and analytical framework
3.2.1 Defining efficient and inefficient use of resources
3.2.2 Drivers of inefficient use of resources
3.2.3 Research strategy
3.3 Literature review
3.3.1 Literature search strategy
3.4 Quantitative analysis
3.5 Meta-analysis
3.5.1 Quantitative meta-analysis and caveats for application
3.5.2 Development of a multi-tier conceptual map
3.5.3 Search and selection of relevant articles
3.5.4 Coding of articles
3.5.5 Charaterisation of the key findings of each article in a comparable matrix

4. Global and Macro-Economic Perspectives of Resource Efficiency
4.1 Materials
4.1.1 Waste
4.1.2 Environmental impacts of material consumption
4.2 Energy
4.2.1 Energy efficiency potential
4.2.2 Renewable energy sources
4.2.3 Greenhouse gas emissions
4.3 Water
4.4 Land
4.5 Ecosystem services
4.6 Summary

5. Analysis of Drivers of Inefficiency and the Underlying Reasons
5.1 General categories of drivers of (in)efficiency
5.1.1 Behavioural and informational drivers
5.1.2 Institutional and organisational drivers
5.1.3 Policy and regulatory drivers
5.1.4 Socio-economic drivers
5.1.5 Bio-physical drivers
5.1.6 Technological and infrastructural drivers
5.2 Food
5.2.1 Diets and food choices
5.2.2 Food losses and waste
5.2.3 Unsustainable fishing
5.2.4  Inefficient irrigation
5.2.5 Nutrient and pesticides losses from crop production
5.2.6 Other inefficiencies
5.27 Summary
5.3 Transport
5.3.1 Vehicle design and fuel efficiency
5.3.2 Driving inefficient road vehicles and driving behaviour
5.3.3 Choice of transport modes (passenger and freight)
5.3.4 Non-optimization of vehicle occupancy (volume/weight)
5.3.5 Distance travelled
5.3.6 Material intensive transport infrastructure
5.3.7 Other inefficiencies
5.3.8 Summary
5.4 Buildings
5.4.1 Building design and choice of materials (original construction and subsequent retrofitting)
5.4.2 Inefficiencies in heating and cooling
5.4.3 Inefficiencies in lighting, appliances and electronics
5.4.4 Number of people per household / Area per person
5.4.5 Urban Sprawl
5.4.6 Water consumption and losses in buildings
5.4.7 Other inefficiencies
5.4.8 Summary
5.5 Findings of the quantitative meta-analysis
5.5.1 Frequency of mention of Tier 1 and 2 drivers
5.5.2 Direction of effects of Tier 3 drivers on resource efficiency
5.5.3 Tier 3 drivers and effect types in relation to resource efficiency
5.5.4 Tier 2 drivers and resource / sectoral focus

6. Summary and Findings
6.1 Overview of the main resource inefficiencies
6.2  The key areas to address to achieve absolute decoupling
6.3 The main drivers of resource inefficiency

7. References

Annex A: Meta-Analysis
Search and Selection Procedure
Coding of Articles
Annex B: Quantitative Assessments of Inefficiencies