Transatlantic Policy Options for Supporting Adaptation in the Marine Arctic

Publication: Policy Brief
Citation: Best, Aaron et al. 2009: Transatlantic Policy Options for Supporting Adaptation in the Marine Arctic. [Ecologic Briefs ]. Berlin: Ecologic Institute.

The Arctic TRANSFORM project, funded by the European Commission's Directorate General of External Relations, engaged experts in a transatlantic discussion of five Arctic-related thematic areas: indigenous peoples, environmental governance, fisheries, offshore hydrocarbon activities, and shipping. Expert working groups addressed each thematic area with the goal of developing policy options for the Arctic marine area. This policy brief draws upon a series of background papers, expert meetings and interviews to provide an overview of the international and EU governance options for addressing the rapid changes underway in the region.

While reflecting the opinions of its authors, and not necessarily the views of the European Commission, this policy brief benefits from the opinions and insights of the experts participating in the five Arctic TRANSFORM working groups. An important consideration for informing the selection of policy options has been the international and transatlantic consensus reflected in recent policy developments, which is arguably an indicator of the political viability of any policy proposal. Still, where action beyond the boundaries of current national positions appears necessary, more ambitious policy options are also proposed. This policy brief [pdf, 408 KB, English] is available for download.

Arctic Marine Governance

Opportunities for Transatlantic Cooperation

Year 2013

Publication:Report

Current Arctic marine shipping is mainly intra-Arctic. Since 2000, there have only been a few trans-Arctic voyages in summer for science and tourism across the Northwest Passage and the Northern Sea Route. The main consequence of climate change for Arctic marine shipping is contained in the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA)'s key finding that "reduced sea ice is very likely to increase marine transport and access to resources". This background paper, prepared by Erik J. Molenaar and Robert Corell for the Arctic TRANSFORM project, focuses on intra-Arctic and trans-Arctic marine shipping in the Arctic marine area.

Arctic Shipping

Year 2009

Publication:Report

This background paper, prepared by Erik J. Molenaar and Robert Corell for the Arctic TRANSFORM project, focuses on fisheries that occur in the Arctic marine area, including fisheries for anadromous species that spawn in rivers that flow directly into the Arctic marine area. The paper follows a sectoral perspective, but in pursuance of an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). Due to this sectoral perspective, the focus will be exclusively on international instruments and intergovernmental and other relevant international bodies that relate to, or pursue, conservation as well as management. No attention will therefore be paid to those that focus exclusively on conservation of species and habitat by various means, including by the regulation of international trade.

Arctic Fisheries

Year 2009

Publication:Report

This policy analysis, prepared for the Arctic TRANSFORM project, provides a comparative analysis of EU and U.S. policy relevant to dealing with the effects of climate change in Arctic marine areas. Arctic marine governance at present is a patchwork of rules, measures and polices at various levels and institutions. A key question is how better co-ordination among the current sectoral and regional approaches can be achieved to address future governance needs. A second question is whether even better co-ordination among these approaches will suffice to meet these needs, or whether a more comprehensive approach is required. Addressing the unique challenges facing the marine Arctic could be an opportunity for both the EU and U.S. to revitalise their co-operation and show combined environmental leadership.

Comparative Policy Analysis

US, EU and Transatlantic Arctic Policy

Year 2009

Publication:Policy Brief

This policy brief draws upon a series of background papers, expert meetings, and interviews to provide an overview of the international and EU governance options for addressing the rapid changes underway in the region. While reflecting the opinions of its authors, this policy brief benefits from the opinions and insights of the experts participating in the five thematic working groups of Arctic TRANSFORM.

Transatlantic Policy Options for Supporting Adaptation in the Marine Arctic

Summary for Policy Makers

Year 2009

Publication:Document

This background paper, prepared by the Arctic Centre in September 2008 as part of the Arctic TRANSFORM project addresses the magnitude of current oil and gas activities in the offshore Arctic and outlines the potential environmental, social and economic consequences of the offshore hydrocarbon activities. It examines the international legal framework for offshore oil and gas activities in the Arctic, including transboundary environmental assessment of oil and gas activities and addresses the current policy context in offshore oil and gas activities in the Arctic.

Offshore Hydrocarbon: Current Policy Context in the Marine Arctic

Year 2008

Publication:Document

The aim of this paper, prepared by the Arctic Centre in September 2008 as part of the Arctic TRANSFORM project, is to present the situation of the Arctic indigenous peoples in relation to the changing marine environment. The Arctic region is home to several groups of indigenous peoples (including Inupiat, Yup’ik and Aleut in Alaska, Inuit in Greenland and Canada, Saami in Fennoscandia and Russia and, Yup’ik, Chukchi, Even, Evenk and Nenets in Russia). Out of the total population of 4 million people in the Arctic, 10 % are indigenous. Climate change significantly impacts the traditional harvesting and other activities of indigenous peoples.

Indigenous Peoples in the Arctic

Year 2008

Publication:Document

This paper presents an overview of the existing institutional and legal framework relevant to environmental governance, as well as formal and informal governance structures in the Arctic marine area. It highlights the complexity of approaches applicable at the local, regional and international scales, rather than identifying gaps in governance at the sectoral scale. The background paper is available for download.

Environmental Governance in the Marine Arctic

Year 2008

Event:Conference

Arctic at Stake – Experts Call for Improvements in Governing Climate-change Adaptation

5 March 2009
Brussels, Belgium

Language: English
Authorship: Aaron Best

Sandra Cavalieri

Mark Jariabka

Prof. Dr. Michael Mehling, LLM

Timo Koivurova

Erik J. Molenaar
Year: 2009
Dimension: 30 pp.
Project: Transatlantic Policy Options for Supporting Adaptations in the Marine Arctic (Arctic TRANSFORM)
Project ID: 1913
Table of contents: Click to show full table of contents

Table of Contents
List of Abbreviations
1 Introduction: The Adaptation Challenge and the Need for Policy Action
2 Current Policy Framework for Environmental Governance and Adaptation in the Marine Arctic
2.1 International Agreements
2.2 Arctic Institutions
2.3 Shortcomings of the Current Policy Framework
3 Finding a Common Ground: Recent Policy Developments
3.1 Policies by the Established Arctic Council Actors
3.2 Policies of Non-Arctic States and Entities
3.3 Transatlantic Policy Initiatives
3.4 Shared Objectives, Principles and Approaches
4 Policy Options for Environmental Governance
4.1 Regional and Global Policy Options
4.2 EU Policy Options
4.3 Transatlantic Policy Options
5 Policy Options for Indigenous Peoples
5.1 EU Policy Options
5.2 Transatlantic Policy Options
6 Policy Options for Fisheries Management
6.1 Regional and Global
6.2 EU Policy Options
6.3 Transatlantic Policy Options
7 Policy Options for Offshore Hydrocarbon Activities
7.1 Regional and Global Policy Options
7.2 EU Policy Options
7.3 Transatlantic Policy Options
8 Policy Options for Shipping
8.1 Regional and Global Policy Options
8.2 EU Policy Options
8.3 Transatlantic Policy Options
9 References
Keywords: Adaptation

Arctic

Climate

Coastal + Marine

Public Diplomacy

shipping, fisheries, offshore hydrocarbon, indigenous peoples, environmental governance, policy options

Arctic

Further Links

ProjectArctic Climate Change Emerging Leaders Fellowship (ACCEL)

The Ecologic Institute and the Atlantic Council, through their Emerging Leaders in Environmental and Energy Policy Network (ELEEP), created the Arctic Climate Change Emerging Leaders (ACCEL) Fellowship in the spring of 2014. The Fellowship aims to train the next... Read more

Arctic Climate Change Emerging Leaders Fellowship (ACCEL)

Duration: Feb - Oct 2014
Funding: Allianz Foundation for North America (Allianz), United States

Robert Bosch Foundation, Germany

European Union

PublicationBookArctic Marine Governance

Tedsen, Elizabeth, Sandra Cavalieri, and R. Andreas Kraemer (eds.) 2014: Arctic Marine Governance. Opportunities for Transatlantic Cooperation. Heidelberg: Springer.