1 Summary
2 Background and Introduction
3 Functions of Economic Instruments in Water Management
4 A Taxonomy of Economic Instruments in Water Management
4.1 Water Withdrawal Taxes
4.2 Water Prices
4.3 Sewerage and Effluent Charges (Indirect Emissions)
4.4 Water Pollution Charge
4.5 Subsidies
4.6 Tradable Permits
4.7 Liability for Damage to Waters
4.8 A Classification
5 Economic Instruments in the EU and the OECD
5.1 Water Abstraction Taxes
5.1.1 The Netherlands
5.1.2 Germany
5.1.1 Denmark
5.2 Water Prices
5.2.1 France
5.2.2 Germany
5.3 Prices and Charges in (Public) Sewage Collection and Treatment
5.3.1 Germany
5.3.2 Denmark
5.3.3 France
5.3.4 Austria
5.4 Comparison of Water Bills
5.4.1 Sewerage Charges
5.4.2 Water Supply Prices
5.5 Prices and Charges in Industrial Effluent Disposal
5.5.1 Germany
5.5.2 France
5.5.3 Denmark
5.5.4 Netherlands
5.6 Subsidies in the Water Sector
5.6.1 Subsidies Related to Environmentally-Friendly Farming
5.6.2 Other Water Subsidies
5.7 Tradable Permits in Water Resource Protection and Management
5.7.1 Chile
5.7.2 Australia
5.7.3 Policy Recommendations
5.8 Liability and Risk Allocation
5.9 Financial Arrangements in Water User Associations
5.10 Concluding Remarks on Economic Instruments in Water Management in the EU
6 The European Water Framework Directive
7 Relevance of EU Experience for Latin American Countries
7.1 Challenges to the Implementation of Economic Instruments
7.2 Existing Experience with Economic Instruments in Latin America
7.3 Relevant Factors for Successful Implementation of Economic Instruments
7.4 Discussion on the Relevance of EU Experience for Latin American Countries
7.5 Options for Inter–Regional Cooperation
8 Conclusion
9 Bibliography