Acknowledgements
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Scope of the report
1.2 Key principles – Heavily Modified Water Bodies and Ecological Potential
1.3 Intercalibration of ecological status and potential
1.4 Mandate and scope of the information exchange on GEP mitigation measures
1.5 Report structure and content
2 Drainage and impacts on water bodies
2.1 What is "drainage"?
2.2 What are drainage schemes?
2.3 Key terms used in this report
2.4 HMWB designation due to drainage
3 European questionnaire on drainage and GEP
3.1 Structure of the questionnaire
3.2 Issues covered through the questionnaire
3.3 Scope of the report and results presented
4 Drivers and pressures of land drainage
4.1 Definition of drainage
4.2 Sectors and operators leading to land drainage
4.3 Pressures from drainage
4.4 Legal requirements on drainage operation and maintenance
5 Hydromorphological alterations from land drainage
6 Ability of methods to detect hydromorphological alterations
7 Relevance of drainage alterations for reaching good ecological status
8 Value of drainage alterations to the water use
9 Maintenance operation
9.1 Typical maintenance operation
9.2 Impact on ecological status due to maintenance operation
10 Designation of heavily modified water bodies due to drainage
10.1 Water category
10.2 Significant adverse effect on water use
11 Key measures to mitigate impacts from land drainage
11.1 Overview of mitigation measures
11.2 Description of key mitigation measures
11.3 Mitigation measures related to drainage: presence in national libraries
11.4 Ecological effectiveness of mitigation measures
11.5 Effects of mitigation measures on land drainage
11.6 Reasons for ruling out measures
12 Conclusions and recommendations
12.1 Harmonized understanding of GEP
12.2 Common terminology
12.3 Harmonized hydromorphological classification methods
12.4 Minimum requirements for GEP
12.5 Clarify criteria for determining significant adverse effects on water use
12.6 Reason for ruling out measures
12.7 Applying national methods to a common set of HMWBs
13 References
14 Annexes
14.1 Example 1: Groote Molenbeek, The Netherlands
14.2 Example 2: Wagenfelder Aue, Germany (Lower Saxony)
List of abbreviations
List of figures
List of tables