Executive Summary
1 Black carbon and kerosene lamps
2 Lighting upgrade efforts and barriers
3 Use of information on black carbon emissions
4 Motivation for implementation in different regions
5 Benefits and costs
6 Gaps in knowledge
7 Potential for a CCAC initiative
8 Conclusions and next steps
Annex A. Overview of major lighting initiatives
Annex B. Annual kerosene use and black carbon emissions by country

List of Tables
Table 1. Kerosene subsidies, import duties, and taxes
Table 2. Overview of major lighting initiatives
Table 3. Annual kerosene use and black carbon emissions by country

List of Figures
Figure 1. Direct BC radiative forcing from residential kerosene lighting (W/m2)
Figure 2. Comparison of emission factors for black carbon
Figure 3. People without access to modern energy services by region (2009)
Figure 4. Typical range of prices of off-grid solar lighting products in Asia

List of Boxes
Box 1. Major market barriers and approaches for overcoming them
Box 2. National developments in target countries
Box 3. Cookstoves