1    Executive Summary
2    Introduction
3    Putting the Crisis of the EU in Context
3.1    Trust in institutions low and anxiety high, but...
3.2    Voter turnout in the EU declining, but…
3.3    Membership in political parties is declining, but…
3.4    Populist political parties gain support
3.5    EU solidarity under pressure, but…
3.6    Unemployment, inequality and public debts, but…
3.7    Erosion of the consensus on core EU values
3.8    Despite the crisis, the EU has been able to act
4    EU in Turbulence – Implications for Climate and Energy Policies
4.1    Rise of nationalistic and EU sceptical sentiment
4.2    Climate and energy policies side-lined by other issues
4.3    Rise of parties with weak or anti climate policy agendas
4.4    Strained EU solidarity
4.5    Reinforced intergovernmentalism, at the expense of community method
4.6    Implications of Brexit on EU climate and energy policy
4.6.1    UK as an advocate for ambitious climate policies
4.6.2    Administrative strain and deviation of political attention
4.6.3    Effort Sharing
4.6.4    Emission trading
4.6.5    EU loses advocate for liberalised (energy) markets and against tax harmonisation
4.6.6    Energy polices: nuclear, unconventional energy sources, and renewable
5    Conclusions
6    References