1 Summary
2 Background and Rationale
2.1 Background and Purpose
2.2 Scope of Paper
2.3 Structure of Paper
3 Economic Instruments in Water Management: What Role for Tradable Rights?
3.1 Taxonomy of Economic Instruments for Water Management
3.1.1 Abstraction Taxes
3.1.2 Water Prices
3.1.3 Sewerage Charges (Indirect Emissions)
3.1.4 Effluent Charges
3.1.5 Subsidies
3.2 Tradable Permits for Water Management
3.2.1 Tradable water abstraction rights
3.2.2 Tradable permits to water-based resources
3.2.3 Tradable water pollution rights
4 Tradable Water Pollution Rights: the International Experience
4.1 Salinity Trading
4.1.1 Inter-State Salinity Trading Case: Murray-Darling Basin (Australia)
4.1.2 Salt Pollution Trading Case: Hunter River (Australia)
4.2 Trading of Organic Pollution Rights
4.2.1 Organic Point Source Trading Case: Fox River, Wisconsin (USA)
4.3 Trading of Nutrient Pollution Rights
4.3.1 Hawkesbury-Nepean River (Australia)
4.3.2 Tar-Pamlico River, North Carolina (USA)
4.3.3 Lake Dillon, Colorado (USA)
4.3.4 Cherry Creek, Colorado (USA)
4.3.5 Chesapeake Bay (USA)
5 Lessons Learned on Tradable Water Pollution Rights
6 Applying Tradable Pollution Rights in Water Management
6.1 Strategies for Introducing Tradable Pollution Rights Regimes
6.2 Opportunities and Limitations
6.3 Compatibility of Tradable Pollution Permit Regimes in Instrument Mixes
6.3.1 Compatibility with taxes and charges
6.3.2 Compatibility with environmental quality objectives (EQO)
6.3.3 Compatibility with technology-derived standards (BAT)
6.3.4 Compatibility with established principles of environmental policy
6.3.5 Tradable pollution permits within instrument mixes
7 Conclusion and Overall Assessment
8 Bibliography