Abbreviations
1. Introduction
1.1. The Water Framework Directive
1.1.1. River basin management planning process
2. Hydromorphological pressures and impacts
2.1. WFD and hydromorphological pressures
2.2. Drivers and activities
2.3. Hydromorphological pressures and habitat alterations
2.4. European overview of hydromorphological pressures
2.4.1. Methodology issues
2.4.2. Key messages
2.4.3. European results
2.4.4. Hydromorphological pressure groups
2.4.5. Country results
2.5. Barriers – transversal structures
2.5.1. European overview
2.5.2. Effects of barriers on rivers
2.6. Abstraction and flow regulation and water level regulation
2.6.1. European overview of abstraction and rivers with regulated flows
2.7. Morphological alterations
2.7.1. European overview
2.7.2. Country examples of altered river habitats
2.8. Hydromorphological issues in transitional and coastal waters
2.8.1. European Overview
3. Sectors and activities
3.1. Hydropower and WFD
3.1.1. Overview of hydropower in Europe
3.1.2. Balancing WFD and the Renewable Energy Directive (RES) requirements
3.2. Navigation and WFD
3.2.1. RBMP and inland waterway transport
3.2.2. WFD and inland navigation
3.3. Towards sustainable flood risk management
3.3.1. RBMPs and flood defence activities
3.3.2. WFD and flood risk management
4. Designation of heavily modified and artificial waters
4.1. European overview
4.1.1. Key messages
4.1.2. Assessment
4.2. Water uses for which water bodies are identified as heavily modified water bodies
4.3. Case studies
4.3.1. HMWBs / AWBs in Germany
4.3.2. Rhine RBD
4.3.3. Danube International RBD
4.3.4. Heavily modified water bodies in selected coastal areas
4.4. Ecological status and potential
4.5. Comparison of ecological status and potential of natural, HMWB and AWBS
4.5.1. Key messages
4.5.2. Assessment
4.6. Case studies on ecological status and potential
4.6.1. Ecological status or potential in selected coastal areas
References