1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Objectives of this Handbook
1.2 Scope of this Handbook
      Selection of measures and instruments
      Groundwater
1.3 Relevance of other policy-making areas
2. PROJECT-RELEVANT GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS
3. TYPICAL POLLUTION SITUATIONS
3.1 Typical pollution situations in Germany
3.2 Brief characteristics of the case studies
4. OVERVIEW CLASSIFICATION OF MEASURES AND INSTRUMENTS
4.1 System of pressures
4.2 System of measures
4.3 Overview of instruments
5. SELECTING COMBINATIONS OF MEASURES
5.1 Approach
Stage 1: Selecting the system of measures based on the identified pressures
Stage 2: Selection of effective measures
Stage 3a: Combination of measures
Stage 3b: Determination of supporting instruments and assessment of effectiveness
Stage 4: Description of the interactions between instruments and combinations of measures
Stage 5: Determination of costs
Stage 6: Identifying the most cost-effective combination of measures
Stage 7: Coordinating with programmes of measures in other subbasins
5.2 Concretising the approach for determining cost-effective combinations of measures using case examples
Case example: “Lahn”
Case example “Große Aue”
Case example “Seefelder Aach”
6. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK
BIBLIOGRAPHY
GLOSSARY
Annex I:
Annex II:
APPENDIX I: SHEETS OF MEASURES
No. 1.1: Upgrading of a sewage treatment plant with regard to the parameters BOD5, COD, NH4-N, Ntotal or Ptotal
No. 1.2: Reducing the discharge of substances from chemical production and application via membrane filtration
No. 1.3: Qualified dehydration in the combined and separation process
No. 1.4: Decentralised measures for the avoidance, reduction and delay of outflow: Utilisation of desealing potential and rainwater seepage; recommendations for a split fee scale
No. 1.5: Structures for combined sewage and rainfall treatment (retention soil filters, rain spillway basins, canalisation and rain storage reservoirs)
No. 1.6: Supporting measures to reduce pressures from rainwater discharges
No. 2.1: Reduction of nutrient and pesticide discharges via the creation of riparian buffer strips
No. 2.2: Reduction of nitrogen discharges into surface waters and groundwater
No. 2.3: Reduction of phosphate discharges into surface waters
No. 2.4: Environmentally compatible handling of pesticides – Compliance with the principles of good agricultural practice in plant protection
No. 3.1: Creation of ecologically compatible hydraulic conditions via flow control, particularly with regard to water level regulation
No. 4.1: Creation of ecologically compatible hydraulic conditions via flow control, particularly with respect to impurity concentrations in the residual water
No. 4.2: Ecologically oriented flood protection concept with targeted improvement of the structural quality
No. 5.1: Creation of linear passability for upstream and downstream migration of site-specific species
No. 5.2: Supporting hydraulic engineering measures to restructure the river morphology
No. 5.3: Inherent dynamic development of the water body appropriate to location via modified, extensified water body maintenance
No. 5.4: Improvement of bank and bed structures
APPENDIX II: INSTRUMENT SHEETS
No. I: Subsidising organic farming
No. II: Levying a charge on organic fertilisers from non-free range farming
No. III: Levying a tax on mineral nitrogen fertilisers
No. IV: Levying of a tax on pesticides
No. V: Greater use of environmental charges (e.g. water abstraction charges)
No. VI: Restructuring the nature conservation and fishing charge
No. VII: Improving cooperation between agriculture and the water industry
No. VIII: Advice to farmers on optimum operation from a water protection viewpoint
No. IX: Advice to the competent bodies on optimising water body management from a water protection viewpoint
No. X: Strengthening the synergy effects between the IPPC Directive and the Water Framework Directive