Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Abbreviations
Executive Summary
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
1 PART 1: CASE STUDIES
1.1 EU / Germany
1.1.1 Introduction to EU
1.1.2 Legal System
1.1.3 Important laws
1.1.3.1 Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, COM(2006)231 final, Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection
1.1.3.2 Directive 2004/35/CE of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 on environmental liability with regard to the prevention and remedying of environmental damage (Environmental Liability Directive)
1.1.3.3 Directive 2008/1/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2008 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control
1.1.3.4 Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) - IED
1.1.3.5 Directive 2014/52/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 amending Directive 2011/92/EU on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment, EIA Directive
1.1.3.6 Directive 2001/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 June 2001 on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment – SEA Directive
1.1.3.7 Council Directive of 12 June 1986 on the protection of the environment, and in particular of the soil, when sewage sludge is used in agriculture (86/278/EEC)
1.1.3.8 Biocidal Product Regulation (BPR) – Regulation (EU) No. 528/2012.
1.1.3.9 Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste
Legal Instruments to implement the objective “Land Degradation Neutral World” in International Law
1.1.3.10 Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives
1.1.3.11 Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora
1.1.3.12 2013 CAP Reform, based on Council Regulation (EC) No 1259/1999 of 17 May 1999 establishing common rules for direct support schemes under the common agricultural policy
1.1.3.13 Draft EU Soil Framework Directive
1.1.4 Introduction to Germany
1.1.5 Legal system
1.1.6 Important laws
1.1.6.1 Bundes-Bodenschutzgesetz - BBodSchG
1.1.6.2 Sectorial laws: soil-protecting provisions against contamination through pollutants
1.1.6.3 Sectorial laws: Soil protecting law against land take and site consumption – Regulatory and planning instruments
1.1.6.4 Federal Forest Law (Bundeswaldgesetz – BWaldG), chapter 2
1.1.6.5 Soil protection law of the Länder
1.1.6.6 Soft law zum Flächenverbrauch
1.2 United States
1.2.1 Introduction
1.2.2 United States’ legal system
1.2.3 Important laws
1.2.3.1 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976
1.2.3.2 Clean Water Act
1.2.3.3 Agricultural Act of 2014
1.2.3.4 National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
1.2.3.5 Conservation Title 16 provisions in the US Code
1.2.3.6 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980
1.2.3.7 National Urban Policy and New Community Development
1.3 Brazil
1.3.1 Introduction
1.3.2 Brazil’s Legal System
1.3.3 Important Laws
1.3.3.1 Brazil’s Federal Constitution - Constituiçao da Repùblica Federativa do Brasil de 1988 78 4
Legal Instruments to implement the objective “Land Degradation Neutral World” in International Law
1.3.3.2 National Environment Policy
1.3.3.3 Contaminated land - CONAMA Resolution 420/09
1.3.3.4 Forest Code
1.3.3.5 Atlantic Forest Law, Law No. 11,428/2006
1.3.3.6 State of São Paulo: Decree No. 59,263 on Contaminated Areas
1.3.3.7 Other laws directly or indirectly addressing or relevant in the context of land degradation
2 PART 2: ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT
2.1 Gaps in existing international agreements with regards to LDNW
2.1.1 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
2.1.1.1 UNFCCC
2.1.1.2 Kyoto Protocol
2.1.2 Convention on Biological Diversity
2.1.3 United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
2.1.4 Summary
2.2 Legal basis for amendments or adoption of a protocol
2.2.1 Amendment of international treaties
2.2.1.1 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT)
2.2.2 Amendment of the UNFCCC, UNCCD or CBD
2.2.2.1 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
2.2.2.2 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
2.2.2.3 United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, particularly in Africa (UNCCD)
2.2.3 Summary
2.3 National legislation potentially suitable for upscaling
2.3.1 EU /Germany
2.3.1.1 EU
2.3.1.2 Germany
2.3.2 United States
2.3.3 Brazil
CONCLUSION
LITERATURE
LINKS