1. INTRODUCTION
2. OVERVIEW OF ENERGY ACCESS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
2.1 PRESENT SITUATION OF ACCESS TO ENERGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
2.1.1 Access to electricity
2.1.2 Access to clean cooking facilities
2.2 LIKELY FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS WITHOUT ADDITIONAL POLICIES
2.3 ACHIEVING UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO ENERGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
2.4 POTENTIAL REQUIREMENTS TO FILL THE GAP
2.4.1 Technology options for electricity services
2.4.2 Technology options for cooking and heating services
2.4.3 Financing requirements
2.5 CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
3. ON-GOING AND PLANNED PROJECTS TO IMPROVE ENERGY ACCESS
3.1 ONGOING ACCESS TO ENERGY PROJECTS AND FUNDING TRENDS IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA AND SOUTH ASIA
3.2 PROJECT CASE STUDIES
3.2.1 The Lighting a Billion Lives Campaign (LaBL) in New Delhi
3.2.2 Yeelen Kura in Mali: Testing the feasibility of rural energy service companies (RESCOs)
3.2.3 Grameen Shakti, Bangladesh: Microcredit to enable access to green energy and 22
4. IMPROVING ACCESS TO ENERGY BY USING RENEWABLE ENERGIES
4.1 RENEWABLE ENERGY USE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
4.1.1 Traditional biomass use
4.1.2 Use of modern renewable energy
4.1.3 Large-scale vs. small-scale off grid solutions
4.2 CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS
4.3 THE FINANCING CHALLENGE
4.4 ASIDE: THE IMPACT OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES ON WATER RESOURCES
4.4.1 Biofuels
4.4.2 Large-scale hydropower
4.4.3 Concentrated solar power
4.5 CONCLUSIONS
5. THE EU ROLE, NEW FUNDS AND PROSPECTS FOR COORDINATION
5.1 NEW GLOBAL CLIMATE INVESTMENT FUNDS
5.2 EU FINANCING INSTRUMENTS FOR ENERGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
5.3 COOPERATION WITHIN THE EU AND WITH KEY MULTILATERAL STAKEHOLDERS
5.4 IMPROVING EU ASSISTANCE IN THE AREA OF ACCESS TO ENERGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
6. CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS
6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY