Key findings and recommendations

Executive Summary

GLOSSARY

1 Introduction
1.1 Background and policy context
1.2 Main intervention logic of the work carried out under the project
1.3 Key conceptual approaches
1.3.1 Defining Vulnerability
1.3.2 Defining climate proofing and mainstreaming
1.4 Structure of this report

2 Climate Change Threats, Impacts and Damage Costs
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Important methodological issues
2.2.1 Defining regions
2.2.2 The relative importance of direct and indirect expenditure
2.3 Overview of climate change threats and impacts and associated damage costs
2.3.1 Most significant threats from climate change
2.3.2 Regional variation of most significant threats from climate change
2.3.3 Damage costs of most significant climate change threats on regional development
2.3.4 The indicative impacts of threats on receptors
2.3.5 Affected Cohesion Policy and CAP expenditures
2.3.6 Summary of the main impacts and conclusions
2.4 Assessing the adaptive capacities of Member States
2.4.1 Approach to assessing adaptive capacity
2.4.2 Results on adaptive capacity
2.5 Baseline: Development and assessment
2.5.1 Methodological approach
2.5.2 Summary of baselines

3 Options and instruments for climate mainstreaming and proofing of CAP and
Cohesion Policy
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Appraisal of adaptation options
3.2.1 Typology of adaptation options
3.2.2 Overview of relevant options
3.2.3 Adaptation options: Cost and benefits (including analysis of impacts) and their
role for mainstreaming and climate-proofing CP and CAP
3.2.4 Overall conclusions and success factors and barriers for the implementation of
options
Appraisal of instruments 3.3 to better integrate climate-proofing concerns into funds
programming
3.3.1 Introduction
3.3.2 High level assessment of EU policies and instruments
3.3.3 Detailed assessment of short-listed policies and instruments

4 Policy assessment of 2014-2020 Cohesion Policy
4.1 Background and policy context
4.2 Ex-ante appraisal: Analysis of the relevance of EU Cohesion Policy to climate
change adaptation and scope for integration of climate change adaptation
4.2.1 Needs for climate proofing future expenditure under Cohesion Policy
4.2.2 Opportunities and constraints for climate change proofing future expenditure
4.2.3 Barriers and success factors for climate proofing future Cohesion Policy
4.3 Solutions and policy recommendations

5 Policy assessment of the 2014-2020 CAP: addressing Climate Adaptation
priorities and Needs
5.1 Background and Policy Context
5.1.1 The CAP 2007-13
5.1.2 The CAP post 2014
5.2 Ex Ante Appraisal
5.2.1 Funding provisions for adaptation options
5.2.2 Procedural / implementing requirements and provisions
5.2.3 Summary of gaps and opportunities
5.3 Common barriers and issues affecting the successful integration of climate
adaptation needs within the CAP
5.3.1 Political barriers
5.3.2 Institutional barriers
5.3.3 Financial barriers
5.3.4 Integrated planning and delivery
5.3.5 Information availability
5.3.6 Knowledge transfer
5.4 Solutions and policy recommendations

6 Capacity needs and guidance
6.1 Background and approach
6.2 Cohesion Policy: Capacity needs assessment and conclusions
6.2.1 Shortcomings and capacity needs for Cohesion Policy
6.2.2 Conclusions for Cohesion Policy
6.3 CAP: Capacity needs assessment and conclusions
6.3.1 Shortcomings and capacity needs for CAP
6.3.2 Conclusions for CAP

7 References

8 Annex 1: Summary of Receptor Reports
8.1 Climate impacts on economic sectors and systems
8.1.1 Agriculture
8.1.2 Forestry
8.1.3 Transport
8.1.4 Construction and buildings
8.1.5 Energy Supply
8.1.6 Tourism
8.1.7 Insurance
8.2 Climate impacts on environmental systems
8.2.1 Soil and biodiversity
8.2.2 Water infrastructure
8.3 Climate impacts on key geographical areas
8.3.1 Coastal zones
8.3.2 River Flooding
8.4 Social issues
8.4.1 Health
8.4.2 Employment

9 Annex 2: Assessing the adaptive capacities of Member States
9.1.1 Approach to assessing adaptive capacity

10 Annex 3 Adaptive capacity for Cohesion Policy

11 Annex 4 Adaptive capacity indicators for CAP

12 Annex 5: Baseline – Approach and results by Member State (Move to
supplementary report)
12.1 Methodological approach
12.2 Baseline assessment for the Mediterranean
12.2.1 Baseline for Spain
12.2.2 Baseline for Portugal
12.2.3 Baseline for Italy
12.2.4 Baseline for Cyprus
12.2.5 Baseline for Malta
12.2.6 Baseline for Greece
12.3 Baselines for Central and Eastern Europe
12.3.1 Baseline for Poland
12.3.2 Baseline for Hungary
12.3.3 Baseline for Czech Republic
12.3.4 Baseline for Slovakia
12.3.5 Baseline for Slovenia
12.3.6 Baseline for Bulgaria
12.3.7 Baseline for Romania
12.3.8 Baseline for Austria
12.3.9 Baseline for Germany
12.4 Baselines for North-Western Europe
12.4.1 Baseline for Denmark
12.4.2 Baseline for the Netherlands
12.4.3 Baseline for France
12.4.4 Baseline for Belgium
12.4.5 Baseline for the UK
12.4.6 Baseline for Ireland
12.5 Baselines for Northern Europe
12.5.1 Baseline for Finland
12.5.2 Baseline for Sweden
12.5.3 Baseline for Lithuania
12.5.4 Baseline for Latvia
12.5.5 Baseline for Estonia

13 Annex 6 Detailed explanation of five steps on Decision tree for prioritising adaptation options

14 Annex 7 Overview of Selected Adaptation Options Assessed
14.1.1 Early warning systems
14.1.2 Cooling of hospitals using passive cooling systems
14.1.3 Storm retention reservoirs
14.1.4 Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS)
14.1.5 Awareness raising for companies regarding adaptation to climate change
14.1.6 Setting up Anti-hail nets
14.1.7 Buffer/vegetation strips
14.1.8 On farm harvesting and storage of rainwater
14.1.9 Enhance floodplain management
14.1.10 Plant winter cover
14.1.11 Improvement of animal rearing conditions under increasing temperature
14.1.12 Improved forest management: Forest Thinning Practices
14.2 Overview of Options with Qualitative Estimation of Costs and Benefits
14.2.1 Hydropower stations
14.2.2 Adaptation of tourism services and infrastructures

15 Annex 8 Methodology Applied by the ClimateCost Project

16 Annex 9 Summary Assessment of Instruments

17 Annex 10 Overview of Commission proposals on the 2014-2020 EU Cohesion
Policy

18 Annex 11: Overview of potential barriers, success factors and enabling conditions

19 Annex 12: Boxes with examples of climate proofing

20 Annex 13 Overview of barriers to integrating climate adaptation within the CAP
and solutions identified