1 Introduction
1.1 Policy Background
1.1.1 The Common Implementation Strategy of the Water Framework Directive
1.1.2 CIS Working Group on Heavily Modified Water Bodies
1.2 Objectives
1.3 Methodology
1.4 Scope and Structure

2 Guidance on Heavily Modified and Artificial Water Bodies

3 Selection of Case Studies
3.1 Overview of the Case Studies

4 Identification of Water Bodies
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Criteria for the Identification of Water Bodies
4.2.1 Overall application of Identification Criteria
4.2.2 Identification Criteria for Different Water Categories
4.3 Results
4.3.1 Overview of Water Body Identification Results in the HMWB Case Studies
4.3.2 Scale of Water Body Identification
4.4 Differentiation of Artificial Water Bodies
4.5 Conclusions and Discussion

5 Uses, Physical Alterations and Impacts to Hydromorphology
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Methods for the Description of Specified Uses
5.3 Methods for the Description of Physical Alterations
5.4 Methods for the Evaluation of Impacts upon Hydromorphology
5.5 Results on Specified Uses and Physical Alterations
5.6 Results on Hydromorphological Impacts
5.7 Conclusions and Discussion

6 Ecological Status
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Biological Quality Elements
6.2.1 Quality Elements and Assessment Methods
6.2.2 Impacts of Specified Uses and Physical Alterations
6.2.3 Other Impacts
6.3 Physicochemical Quality Elements
6.3.1 Quality Elements and Assessment Methods
6.3.2 Impacts of Specified Uses and Physical Alterations
6.3.3 Other Impacts
6.4 Hydromorphological Quality Elements
6.5 Assessment of Current Ecological Status
6.5.1 Overview of Methods
6.5.2 Selection of Reference Conditions
6.5.3 Results on the Definition of Current Ecological Status
6.6 Conclusions and Discussion

7 Provisional Identification of Water Bodies as Heavily Modified
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Results
7.3 Criteria and Methods
7.4 Scope and Extent of Provisional Identification
7.5 Conclusions and Discussion

8 Designation of Heavily Modified Water Bodies
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Designation Test 4(3)(a):Assessment of Necessary Restoration Measures to Achieve GES
8.2.1 Identification of the Necessary Restoration Measures
8.2.2 Assessment of Significant Adverse Effects on the Specified Use or the Wider Environment
8.3 Designation Test 4(3)(b):Assessment of Other Environmental Options
8.3.1 Identifying “Other Means ”
8.3.2 Assessment of “Technical Feasibility ”
8.3.3 Assessment of “Significantly Better Environmental Option ”
8.3.4 Assessment of “Disproportionate Costs ”
8.4 Examples of Different Designation Approaches
8.5 Overview of Results on HMWB Designation
8.6 Conclusions and Discussion

9 Definition of Maximum Ecological Potential
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Methods for the Definition of MEP
9.2.1 Mitigation Measures for Achieving MEP
9.2.2 Quality Elements and their Values at MEP
9.3 Conclusions and Discussion

10 Definition of Good Ecological Potential
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Methods for the Definition of GEP
10.3 Results
10.4 Programme of Measures for Protecting and Enhancing Ecological Quality
10.5 Conclusions and Discussion

11 Conclusions and Outlook

12 Bibliography
12.1 Case Studies
12.2 WFD-CIS Documents
12.3 General Literature

13 Annex I: Contributing Authors
14 Annex II: Case Study Evaluation Tables and Methods